In which situation would dividends payable be recorded?

Dividends payable are recorded in a company's financial records at the point when the company's board of directors officially declares the dividends. This declaration creates a legal obligation for the company to pay the dividends to shareholders, meaning the company now has a liability on its balance sheet for the amount of those dividends. This situation specifically aligns with the scenario where dividends have been declared but not yet paid, which is crucial for accurately reflecting the company's obligations and providing clear information to stakeholders regarding outstanding payments owed to shareholders.

The other options do not meet the criteria for recording dividends payable. Expecting cash inflows does not create a liability, nor does the receipt of cash from shareholders or the reinvestment of dividends in the company. Each of these scenarios pertains to different aspects of financial transactions but does not capture the essential point of liability that accompanies declared but unpaid dividends.